Acne Care Tips


What is Addiction ?

Posted in Health by toni on the January 31st, 2008

People who are addicted cannot control their need for alcohol or other drugs, even in the face of negative health, social or legal consequences. This lack of control is the result of alcohol- or drug-induced changes in the brain. Those changes, in turn, cause behavior changes. Addiction was a term used to describe a devotion, attachment, dedication, inclination, etc. The term is often reserved for drug addictions but it is sometimes applied to other compulsions, such as problem gambling, and compulsive overeating. Factors that have been suggested as causes of addiction include genetic, biological/pharmacological and social factors. Some people who are not prone bio-genetically to alcoholism or other addictions will acquire the condition. Therefore, social and psychological forces will remain very important in determining who does and who does not develop addictive behaviors.

Most addictions take time to develop and almost no one deliberately sets out to become addicted to a substance. Giving up an addiction or dependency can be very difficult, but it can be done. Some people need more help than others, but if you are serious about giving up, there is addiction treatment available and you can do it.  A pain pill addiction produces a very strong physical dependency, and people dependent on pain pills will begin to suffer the initial symptoms of painful withdrawal within a few hours of the last dose wearing off.

Acne Care During Pregnancy

Posted in Acne by toni on the November 3rd, 2007

Acne is a skin problem that the women faces during pregnancy as the skin becomes very sensitive. Pregnancy occassionally brings on acne or makes it worse. Hormonal variations during early pregnancy generally result in acne inflammations. Higher levels of hormones called androgens can incite the sebaceous glands in your skin to get bigger and boost production of an oily substance called sebum.

Acne can be cured by a in non-pregnant women by prescription drugs such as Accutane, Retin-A, and Tetracycline. There are several medications which are used to treat acne utmost of pregnancy that are typically recommended against using during pregnancy. Wash smoothly with a mild soap or cleanser twice a day, and if you use moisturizer make assured it’s oil-free.

If you wear makeup, use products which are water- (not oil-) based and are labeled “noncomedogenic” or “nonacnegenic,” meaning they won’t block your pores and cause breakouts. Plenty of water can be used during cleaning the face from the leftover soap that can irritate the skin and can be the cause for collecting bacteria.

Daily exercise will help balance all kinds of skin by increasing circulation and blood flow to the skin, helping it to tone and be healthy. Exercise also minimises stress, another component which can cause acne. Accutane (isotretinoin) is an oral medication present only by prescription. There is some indication that Accutane can increase the risk of miscarriage and infant death.

Retin-A is a prescription cream which is actuated to the skin to treat acne. This is a cream that is applied on the affected area to remove acne. The women while pregnancy clean the skin twice in a day to keep it oil free. An oil-absorbing microfiber cloth may be used by them during washing their face.

Before applying an astringent, the women should use the cotton balls to clean each blackhead or pimple in order to obviate from the infection. Avoid using topical tretinoin-like Retin-Al. Prescription antibiotic creams including erythromycin or clindamycin are absolutely safe. The women should keep the skin dry and after 5 minutes of showering, oil-free moisturizer should be used on the skin. Take extra care not to rub near your outbreak as it will smudge the bacteria.

Acne Conglobata Treatment

Posted in Acne by toni on the October 11th, 2007

Acne conglobata is a harsh form of cystic acne characterized by deep, inflammatory nodules that track under the skin to other nodules. Common symptoms include severe damage to the skin, inflammation, deep abscesses and harsh scarring. The nodules are normally found on the chest, the shoulders, the back, the buttocks, the upper arms, the thighs, and the face.

Acne conglobata may be antedated by acne cysts, papules or pustules that will not heal, but instead quickly deteriorate. Occasionally, it flares up in acne that may have been dormant for years. Acne conglobata can also lead to a kind of gangrene or aseptic arthritis. AC is an uncommon disease. It is generally related with a long-lasting and relatively untreated case of less-severe acne.

AC can produce pronounced disfigurement. Severe scarring makes psychological impairment; individuals with AC are often expatriated, or they may feel excluded. Acne conglobata can cause devious scarring and is difficult to treat. When it comes to fighting acne, many treatments are available. These treatments range from topical medications including creams, gels, cleansers, foams and solutions to oral medicaitons and even the use of lasers, light, and heat. Isotretinoin is a puissant drug reserved for treating severe cystic acne and acne that is resistant to other medications.

Most medications to not work over night and require time (4-6 weeks) to begin to see results. Therapy must be inclusive and cover all likely pathogens in the context of the clinical setting.

Acne Conglobata Prevention and Treatment Tips

1. Isotretinoin is a powerful drug reserved for treating severe cystic acne.

2. Therapy must be expansive and cover all likely pathogens in the context of the clinical setting.

3. Oral contraceptives reduce acne in women by suppressing over activity of sebaceous glands.

4. Dapsone may be valuable where antibiotics fail.

5. Intralesional triamcinolone or cryotherapy may also be valuable.

Pimple Home Remedies

Posted in Acne by toni on the October 5th, 2007

Pimples are small skin lesions or inflammations commonly arising from blocked or infected pores. Pimples can show the presence of acne, a chronic skin disease. Pimples usually develop after blackheads or whiteheads become inflamed and infected. Most pimple outbreaks are generally a mark of proximate acne, but there are other causes as well, like bacterial folliculitis, keratosis pilaris and other skin problems. This causes a clog in the pore, specially when the skin becomes thicker during puberty.

The sebaceous glands make more sebum which builds up behind the blockage, and this sebum harbours various bacteria including the species. Some home remedies for pimples are potatoes, vinegar and lemon juice, toothpaste, garlic, lime juice and basil. Create a paste from ground orange peels and apply to affected areas. Take 6 - 8 uncoated aspirin tablets in cup or bowl and crush them in to a powder. Add a few drops of warm/hot water, allow vera gel or honey, now stir until you have a thick white paste.

Use a paste of ground seasame seeds with water as poultice for inflammation of the skin because of allergies, skin rashes, and pimples - acne. Juice of raw papaya is the best treatment for pimples. Apply fresh juice of raw papaya on pimples and get a good result. Wash off the mask with warm water and a gentle cleanser, as you wash mildly massage, the grains will help exfoliate and unveil softer, glowing skin.

Drink plenty of water and vegetable or fruit juices. Use cucumber or other fruit and vegetable packs to cure pimple scars. Maintain a diet that is rich in cottage cheese, fish and yoghurt. Apply a paste of fresh fenugreek (methi) leaves in water over the face every night and washed with warm water in the morning for removing pimples, blackheads, whiteheads, dryness, and wrinkles. Make a paste from nutmeg and milk and use as a facial mask. Wash off with warm water and repeat two or three times every day.

Apply ripe tomatoes pulp on pimples and keet upto 1 hour, then wash. Apply toothpaste - actual paste, not gel - to endorsed areas before bed. Wash off in the morning. One overnight home pimple cure may work better for you than another. Add 3 teaspoons of dried basil leaves to 1 cup boiling water and let steep for 10-20 minutes. After it cools, apply to affected area with a cotton ball. This is an superb herbal acne treatment and general tonic for problem skin.

Apply ripe tomatoes pulp on acne pimples and keep upto 1 hour, then wash. Mix 1 tablespoon groundnut oil with 1 tablespoon fresh lime juice to prevent formation of blackheads and acne . Applying sulphur soap is helpful in keeping the oil glands clean and thus reducing pimples and acne. Use ripe tomatoes pulp on acne pimples and keep upto 1 hour, then wash. Drinking wheatgrass juice may reduce acne.

Home Remedies for Pimples Treatment

1. Take 6 - 8 uncoated aspirin tablets in cup or bowl and crush them in to a powder.

2. Add a few drops of warm/hot water, allow vera gel or honey, now stir until you have a thick white paste. You may need to add more water to achieve the right consistency.

3. Spread over your entire face, sit back and relax for 10-15 minutes. You’ll know when 15 minutes is up as the mask is likely to start falling off your face.

4. Wash off the mask with warm water and a gentle cleanser, as you wash gently massage, the grains will help exfoliate and reveal softer, glowing skin.

5. Avoid consuming ghee, butter oils and sweets.

6. The Pimple affected parts must be thoroughly cleaned and wiped with a soft towel.

7. Cleanse the face free of make-up at night and before going to bed.

8. Fuller’s earth (multani mitti) pack is an effective means to control pimples.

9. Daily intake of a spoonful of honey mixed with rose water clears the skin.

10. Wash your face twice a day with mild soap.

Tea Tree oil for Acne

Posted in Acne Treatment by toni on the October 5th, 2007

Acne is a ordinary skin disease. Acne lesions are commonly (Equally with or by all ) mentioned to as pimples, spots, or zits. Acne is a highly complicated and uncertain form of skin infection. It is most common throughout adolescence, affecting more than 85% of teenagers, but not infrequently also continues into adulthood. There are many fables about what causes acne. Chocolate and greasy foods are usually blamed, but there is little proof that foods have much effect on acne in most people.

Another common fiction is that dirty skin causes acne; however, blackheads and pimples are not caused by dirt. Some factors that don’t normally cause acne are hormones , heredity , dirt , stress and cosmetics. Some people get so upset by their pimples that they pick at them and make them last longer. The typical acne lesions are: comedones, papules, pustules, nodules and inflammatory cysts known as cystic acne, one of the more severe forms.

These are more inflamed and pus-filled or reddish bumps, that can easily result to scarring or serious infections. Many lotions and creams are sold at drugstores to help obviate acne and remove it up. Tea tree oil or melaleuca oil is a clear to very pale golden color essential oil with a fresh camphoraceous odour. Tea tree oil has proven to be a very successful anti-bacterial and anti-fungal.

Tea tree Oil is a golden colored oil that is made from the steam distillation of leaves of a certain type of tree. Tea Tree Oil is used in medically used cosmetic products also. Some references are there to propose its role as antiviral. Tea tree Oil can decrease the amount of acne breakouts a person has, but it will never cure acne completely. Double-blind, randomized controlled trials are needed before we can conclude whether tea tree oil can help acne.

Acne zine combines a topical cream as well as a pill to fight acne and is specifically formulated to target acne before it surfaces. Apply this product to the affected area of skin as directed. However harsh cases of acne have been shown to benefit from anti-acne preparations that contain up to 15% tea tree oil, an effect that can be construed by the oil’s antibacterial and skin-healing properties. Apply a drop or two to each acne lesion thrice a day. This study enrolled 60 people with mild to temperate acne.

Participants were distributed into two groups and treated either with placebo or with 5% tea tree oil gel. Tea tree oil reduced the number of acne lesions and also their harshness, producing a benefit that the researchers considered meaningful in real life terms. If you are pregnant tea tree oil is not recommended because of the potential risk to the infant.

Benefits of tea tree oil Tips

1. Tea Tree oil helps in clearing skin infections such as boils, warts, sores and ulcers.

2. Another benefit of tea tree oil is that it is capable of killing stubborn germs such as Staphylococcus aureus.

3. Fungal infections can be treated with tea tree oil.

4. Hemorrrhoids and candidiasis can be treated with tea tree oil.

5. Massaging tea tree oil on sore muscles and joint injuries helps alleviate discomfort and pain.

6. The benefits of tea tree oil extend to treating gum inflammation and reducing plaque.

7. Tea tree oil is used in a wide variety of preparations, from creams and ointments to shampoos and astringents.

8. Tea tree oil can also be used to treat vaginal yeast infections.

Acne Laser Treatment

Posted in Acne Treatment by toni on the October 5th, 2007

Acne is the most common skin ailment. Acne is a highly intricated and variable form of skin infection. It is most common during adolescence, touching more than 85% of teenagers, but not infrequently also continues into adulthood. Some factors that don’t generally cause acne are hormones , heredity , dirt , stress and cosmetics. Some people get so upset by their pimples that they cull at them and make them last longer. Other general myth is that dirty skin causes acne; though, blackheads and pimples are not caused by dirt.

The basic acne lesions are: comedones, papules, pustules, nodules and inflammatory cysts known as cystic acne, one of the more severe forms. There are many myths about what results in acne. Chocolate and greasy foods are often criticized, but there is little evidence that foods have much effect on acne in most people. There are many types of acne such as mild, moderate and severe acne. There are many treatments and preventions for reducing acne.

One of the newest developments in treating scars associated with acne is acne laser treatment. The laser treatment program for acne scar eradication is somewhat different than laser treatment. Acne laser treatment is the best, popular and effective treatment for reducing acne.

Laser treatment for acne is a comparatively new procedure but even though only a few studies have been done on this, laser treatment of acne scars is showing a lot of promise because the actual treatment penetrates into the skin with a fine degree of control that even the depth is uniform — a far departure from other more conventional methods of treating acne scars. Fraxel laser treatment is the first Non-Ablative Resurfacing laser treatment in the world. It is the best treatment to treat severe acne and beneficial to improve the skin’s texture. Vbeam laser and IPL treatment are convenient and effective to treat acne from the surface of skin.

Other Acne Treatment Tips

1. Oral antibiotics (tablets), such as tetracycline, can be prescribed for inflammatory acne.

2. Isotretinoin (eg Roaccutane) is a medicine known as an oral retinoid, which also exists in a topical form (see above).

3. Washing your face a few times a day with a mild soap can usually clear up a lot of acne by ridding the face of excess oils.

4. A topical antibiotic lotion applied to the skin can be used to control the Pimples and acne.

5. Avoid aggressive washing with strong soaps.

Acne Causes

Posted in Acne by toni on the July 21st, 2007

Acne CausesAcne is generally attributed to the use of cosmetics, especially oils and other greasy applications on the skin. Use of oils even on the scalp hair has been noticed to aggravate acne, especially on the forehead. Inflammatory acne has a strong component of infection in the sebaceous glands, while the cystic lesions are caused by a combination of blockage and infection and inflammation.

Since acne shows a strong correlation with the onset of adolescence, the sex hormones are considered to playa basic role in their causation. Testosterone and other male sex hormones increase the size of the sebaceous glands and aggravate acne, while oestrogen and other female sex hormones decrease the size of the oil glands and improve acne. Theoretically, therefore, acne should occur only in males and not in the females. However, the hormonal pattern in both the sexes is very complex-females also have a certain component of the male hormones and the oil glands in the skin have certain receptors which respond in an exaggerated manner to the normal levels of male sex hormones. Certain females, who have abnormally high levels of the male sex hormones, develop severe acne and continue to do so even beyond the age of 25 years. Patients who are treated with male sex hormones for some other diseases have also been observed to develop acne as a side effect. Certain other drugs, such as corticosteroids used locally as well as orally, Isonex used for tuberculosis, iodides used in tonics, bromides used for psychiatric problems and contraceptive pills which also contain sex hormones may also produce acne.

Emotional stress is another factor which has been noticed to aggravate acne. Undoubtedly acne tends to spoil the appearance of an individual at a time when she/he wants to look her /his best. It often leads to severe emotional stress in some individuals. On the other hand, a period of emotional stress due to any other cause also often aggravates acne. Thus the very desire to look her /his best actually leads to worsening of the situation.

Some neurotic patients tend to scratch off the acne lesions and produce dark pigmentation in the area. This is a bad practice because it actually leads to worsening of the appearance. Pigmentation generally takes longer than the time taken by the original acne lesions to disappear. Squeezing the acne lesion to express the pus out of the pustule is another bad practice because this can lead to scarring and pigmentation, besides causing a serious risk of the infection spreading to the brain, which can be fatal.

Acne Treatment Methods

Posted in Acne Treatment by toni on the July 21st, 2007

Every patient having arne should know that arne is a selflimiting disease and it will disappear by the time the patient Acne Treatmentattains the age of 25 years or so. She/he should however, also be aware that the tendency to develop acne will continue till it ultimately disappears by the age of 25 years. The best way to manage acne is to prevent acne, because, if not prevented, the patient is likely to be left with permanent scars for the rest of his /her life. Prevention will also help to keep the face clear. We therefore, recommend that as soon as a child attains puberty, he/ she should start observing the following precautions and schedules for preventing arne.

Cleaning the Face is commonly recommended that arne patients should wash their face frequently. Washing the face properly and thoroughly is more important than washing the face frequently. Washing the face once or twice a day is as a rule sufficient, provided it has been washed properly. Proper washing includes applying an adequate quantity of soap and massaging it thoroughly into all parts of the face, taking special care to clean the folds around the nose, between the lower lip and the chin, behind the ears and the under-surface of the chin and the neck, which are likely to be left out from proper cleaning. The tip of the nose is another area which usually gets ignored while cleaning the face.

Proper cleaning does not require more than one extra minute of bathing time. Bathing should therefore, be undertaken in a relaxed manner and not in a hurry.

Soaps are the best agents for cleaning the skin. The common belief that soaps harm the skin is erroneous. The main action of the soap is to emulsify the oil on the skin and release the dust, dirt and bacteria sticking to the oil. One should therefore, apply an adequate quantity of soap which can emulsify and remove all the oil present on the skin. If all the oil is not removed, the process of cleaning will be incomplete. For this reason, use of soaps having greasy components like fats, oils, cream, milk, etc. or the use of so-called mild soaps is an illogical and scientifically incorrect concept.

The selection of a proper soap is important. An ordinary soap is as a rule adequate. The so-called herbal soaps, or those with anti-bacterial agents or sunscreens can be positively harmful. Some of the antiseptics used in foreign soaps contain sun-sensitising chemicals which can lead to an increased sensitivity to the sun and produce pigmentation or severe dermatitis on the exposed parts of the body. Some antiseptics indiscriminately kill a large variety of diseaseproducing as well as harmless bacteria but spare the dangerous disease-producing bacteria. Constant use of soaps containing such antiseptics can actually lead to serious skin infections. Several herbal products can lead to pigmentation or other types of reactions in the skin when used on a regular basis.

Acne Precautions

Posted in Acne by toni on the July 21st, 2007

The main precaution to be observed is that cream or oil should not be applied to the face or the hair, or on any part of the body at all. It has been observed that patients who use cream or other greasy cosmetics on the face experience aggravations in their acne. Similarly, applications of oil to the hair lead to aggravation of acne on the face, especially the forehead. Even if the oil is applied elsewhere on the body, it can easily get transferred to the acne-prone areas by hand. It is a wrong belief that oil is necessary for maintaining a good growth of hair on the scalp. This however, is not true because people who use plenty of oil on their hair are as bald as the people who do not. It has also to be understood that no oil can penetrate the intact skin; otherwise, an oil massage on the skin should be equal to eating the same quantity of oil.

Acne PrecautionsOil applied to the skin soaks only the most superficial layer of the skin; it cannot penetrate deeper than that. The oil remains in the superficial skin layer till it gets washed off or mopped up into the clothes. None of the claims that a particular oil can prevent hair loss or lead to a luxuriant growth of hair has ever been confirmed by scientific evaluation. Most of the oils marketed by the various commercial groups, have been evaluated by their own people who do not understand the fundamentals of hair growth and hair loss. Such enterpreneurs have always shied away when the scientific community has challenged them to prove their claims.

The only function of oil is to keep the hair matted together so that they do not fly off, but, the oil interferes with cleaning and forms a film where the dust from the atmosphere accumulates just as a patch of oil applied to a shirt would act as a spot where the dust would get stuck compared to the adjoining areas of the cloth. Most beauticians advise their clients to apply oil onto their hair at night so that it gets soaked into the hair and then wash the excess with shampoo next morning. This practice is as foolish as going in for vomiting after a hearty meal. The fact is that excess of oil requires extra shampoo to wash it off completely and this means wastage of oil as well as shampoo for complete cleaning; otherwise, the cleaning is incomplete.

Topical therapy : As already explained, the best approach for the management of ame is to prevent ame. This means that the patient must keep on using some medication on a regular basis even when he/she is not having acne. This medication should be started at the time of puberty (preferably, even before the individual starts developing ame) and continued till the age of 25 years when the person is no more prone to develop ame.. Moreover, the medication must be applied on all the acne-prone areas and the application repeated whenever the face or other areas are washed. It is to be used more like a cosmetic rather than a medication.

With these considerations in mind, we have formulated a medication which could be used as a cosmetic. It contains lactic acid/ sodium lactate and is thus based on the ingredients produced by the skin itself as a part of the natural mechanism for protection against infections. It was theorised that an individual who develops more severe acne possibly produces lesser quantities of these natural chemicals, and augmenting this natural mechanism should be the most logical approach for preventing acne. This formulation is a colourless liquid which disappears into the skin and can therefore, be used even during the day like a cosmetic. Since it contains the body’s own constituents, there is no question of an allergic or a toxic reaction. It is to be applied with the finger-tips and massaged into the skin till it disappears into the skin. Application of larger quantities with a cotton swab leads to unnecessary wastage and should be avoided.

After the lesions disappear completely, the oral treatment can be stopped while the topical treatment should be continued to prevent further recurrences. When however, the next severe recurrence does occur, another course of the oral antibiotic can be instituted again. Thus, a few courses of the antibiotic therapy for a year or so, along with the regular use of the preventive topical treatment, can keep the skin almost clear of the acne lesions.

There are several so-called ayurvedic preparations advertised which promise to purify the blood. Most such preparations presumably contain antibiotic/antiseptic agents, the dosages ofwhich have never been standardised, and their toxicity/safety never confirmed/investigated on scientific criteria.The term blood-purifier is a misnomer. The manufacturers do not know even the impurity in the blood which is being removed by the so-called blood-purifier.

The medicine is applied to the face and the other acneprone areas twice a day-in the morning after the bath and then again at night. If the face is washed again during the day, it is useful to apply the formulation again. Ideally, the applications should be started at puberty and continued till the age of at least 25 years.

Topical Treatments for Acne

Posted in Acne Treatment by toni on the July 20th, 2007

Acne is a skin problem that usually happens in your teens. Acne develops as a result of blockages in follicles. Pimples form Acne Topical Treatmentwhen hair follicles under your skin clog up. It is shows up as different types of bumps. They include whiteheads, blackheads, red bumps (pimples), and bumps that are filled with pus (cysts).  Most pimples form on the face, neck, back, chest and shoulders.  Hyperkeratinization and formation of a plug of keratin and sebum (a microcomedo) is the earliest change. Enlargement of sebaceous glands and an increase in sebum production occur with increased androgen (DHEA-S) production at adrenarche. Increased sebum production provides an environment for the overgrowth of Propionibacterium acnes. Bacterial overgrowth of Propionibacterium acnes can cause inflammation.  Some adult women experience mild to moderate acne due to hormonal changes associated with pregnancy, their menstrual cycles, or starting or stopping birth control pills. More than four out of five people between the ages of 12 and 24 develop acne at least once.

Acne condition is most common during adolescence, affecting more than 85% of teenagers, but frequently continues into adulthood. Acne most common form   acne is  “acne vulgaris.  Many teenagers get this type of acne. Beneath the skin, in your pores, is where the acne forms. The mix of your natural oils and dead skin cells cause the formation of acne. Sebum (oil) which normally drains to the surface gets blocked and bacteria begins to grow. Both whiteheads and blackheads start out as a microcomedone.  There are many misconceptions and rumours about acne. Any medication containing halogens (iodides, chlorides, bromides), lithium, barbiturates, or androgens. Exposure to high levels of chlorine compounds, particularly chlorinated dioxins, can cause severe, long-lasting acne, known as Chloracne. Common myths state that masturbation causes acne and, conversely, that celibacy or sexual intercourse can cure it. Seafood often contains relatively high levels of iodine. Iodine is known to make existing acne worse but there is probably not enough to cause an acne outbreak.

Hormonal changes in your body can provoke or aggravate acne. Friction or pressure on your skin caused by items such as telephones or cell phones, helmets, tight collars and backpacks. Benzoyl peroxide can cause redness and peeling. Externally applied antibiotics such as erythromycin, clindamycin, Stiemycin or tetracycline aim to kill the bacteria that are harbored in the blocked follicles. Oral antibiotics used to treat acne include erythromycin or one of the tetracycline antibiotics (tetracycline, the better absorbed oxytetracycline, or one of the once daily doxycycline, minocycline or lymecycline). Trimethoprim is also sometimes used. Topical antibiotic such as erythromycin (Benzamycin gel), or clindamycin (Duac once daily gel), or treat the outbreak with a topical antibiotic alone, eg clindamycin (Dalacin T), erythromycin (Eryacne gel), tetracycline (Topicycline). Azelaic acid lotion or gel, which is put on twice a day. Long-term treatment with oral antibiotics such as tetracycline or minocycline (eg Minocin), combined with one of the medications mentioned above may be helpful.

Topical Treatments for Acne Tips

1. Acne lotions may dry up the oil, kill bacteria and promote sloughing of dead skin cells.

2. Oral contraceptives, including a combination of norgestimate and ethinyl estradiol , have been shown to improve acne in women.

3. Externally applied antibiotics such as erythromycin, clindamycin, Stiemycin or tetracycline aim to kill the bacteria that are harbored in the blocked follicles.

4. Topical antibiotic such as erythromycin (Benzamycin gel), or clindamycin.

5. Azelaic acid lotion or gel, which is put on twice a day.

6. Long-term treatment with oral antibiotics such as tetracycline or minocycline (eg Minocin).

7. Trimethoprim is also sometimes used.

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